Components of Sarcopenia and Frailty in Relation to Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: An Ambispective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital

Authors

  • Jessica Marsigit Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Siti Setiati Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Tiara Aninditha Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Ikhwan Rinaldi Division of Medical Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Irsan Hasan Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Robert Sinto Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Noto Dwimartutie Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Suryo Anggoro Kusumo Wibowo Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Eric Daniel Tenda Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

sarcopenia, frailty, mild cognitive impairment, rapid cognitive screening

Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia and frailty are common geriatric syndromes that may contribute to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Evidence regarding the independent roles of individual sarcopenia components and frailty in MCI remains limited in low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the association between sarcopenia components, frailty, and MCI among older adults in Indonesia. Methods: An ambispective cohort study was conducted among adults aged ≥60 years attending the Geriatric Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta. Sarcopenia components were assessed using SARC-Calf (low muscle mass indicator), handgrip strength, and the five-times sit-to-stand test. Frailty was evaluated using the FRAIL scale. Cognitive function was assessed using the Rapid Cognitive Screening. Multivariate log-binomial or Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for MCI. Results: A total of 121 participants (median age 74 years; 68.6% female) were included, with an MCI prevalence of 21.5%. After adjustment for confounders, low muscle mass indicator (RR 2.206; 95% CI 1.045–4.652) and low muscle strength (RR 3.006; 95% CI 1.202–7.517) were independently associated with MCI. Low physical performance (RR 1.773; 95% CI 0.796–3.773) and frailty (RR 1.086; 95% CI 0.377–3.134) were not significantly associated with MCI. Conclusion: Low muscle mass indicators and reduced muscle strength were independently associated with MCI, supporting the integration of simple sarcopenia screening tools into routine geriatric cognitive assessment.

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Published

2026-04-09

How to Cite

Marsigit, J., Setiati, S., Aninditha, T., Rinaldi, I., Hasan, I., Sinto, R., Dwimartutie, N., Wibowo, S. A. K. ., & Tenda, E. D. (2026). Components of Sarcopenia and Frailty in Relation to Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: An Ambispective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 58(1), 67. Retrieved from https://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/3336

Issue

Vol. 58 No. 1 (2026): Acta Medica Indonesiana

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

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Copyright (c) 2026 Jessica Marsigit, Siti Setiati, Tiara Aninditha, Ikhwan Rinaldi, Irsan Hasan, Robert Sinto, Noto Dwimartutie, R. M. Suryo Anggoro, Eric Daniel Tenda

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