MMP9 and ADNP Gene Expressions in Secondary Bone Metastasis of Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Authors

  • Rahmat Cahyanur Division of Hematology Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Cosphiadi Irawan Division of Hematology Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Lisnawati Rachmadi Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Marlinda Adham Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Achmad Fauzi Kamal Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Achmad Rusdan Handoyo Utomo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Yarsi University, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Mardiah Suci Hardianti Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  • Thariqah Salamah Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Muchtaruddin Mansyur Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

MMP-9, ADNP, nasopharyngeal cancer, secondary bone metastasis

Abstract

Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a malignancy of the nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelium. Primary and secondary metastases in nasopharyngeal cancer are generally prevalent in the bones. Gene expression plays a critical role in regulating fundamental cellular processes in cancer cells, including metastasis. Methods: A total of 29 patients with non-metastatic NPC were included in the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 48.45±9.98 years old. Most participants were male (75.9%). More than half of the participants had T4 and N2, 52.7% and 51.0% respectively). Secondary metastasis was observed in 9 of the 29 participants within two years. Patients with secondary metastases had a higher proportion of T4 (7/9) and N2 (4/9) disease. Bone was the first site of secondary metastasis (6/9 patients). The median time to secondary bone metastasis was 14.0 (6.8-21.2) months. Based on the differential expression gene (DEG) analysis, the MMP9 gene was upregulated 12.50 (4.18–37.40), adjusted p <0.01, and the ADNP gene was downregulated 0.141 (0.04–0.43), adjusted p 0.04, among patients with secondary bone metastasis. Conclusion: Bones are the first site of metastasis, with a time to metastasis of 14.0 (6.8-21,2) months. MMP9 was upregulated, and ANDP was downregulated in patients with bone metastasis compared to those without metastasis.

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Published

2026-04-09

How to Cite

Cahyanur, R., Irawan, C., Rachmadi, L., Adham, M., Kamal, A. F., Handoyo Utomo, A. R., Hardianti, M. S., Salamah, T., & Mansyur, M. (2026). MMP9 and ADNP Gene Expressions in Secondary Bone Metastasis of Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 58(1), 59. Retrieved from https://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/3028

Issue

Vol. 58 No. 1 (2026): Acta Medica Indonesiana

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

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Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmat Cahyanur, Cosphiadi Irawan, Lisnawati Rachmadi, Marlinda Adham, Achmad Fauzi Kamal, Achmad Rusdan Handoyo Utomo, Mardiah Suci Hardianti, Thariqah Salamah, Muchtaruddin Mansyur

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