1. Home
  2. Vol 52, No 1 (2020)
  3. Asmara

Diagnosis and Management of Heatstroke

I Gede Yasa Asmara

Abstract


Heatstroke is a life-threatening  and the most severe form of heat-related illnesses, characterized by body temperature >40ºC and central nervous system dysfunction. Heatstroke is classified into Non-Exertional Heatstroke (NEHS) and Exertional Heatstroke (EHS). The pathophysiology of heatstroke involves a combination of direct heat effects on the host, the systemic inflammatory and coagulopathic response. The diagnosis of heatstroke based on Bouchama’s definition or Japan Association of Acute Medicine (JAAM) criteria. The basic principle of heatstroke management is early resuscitation and immediate cooling. Cold water immersion or convection evaporation method can be implemented based on the specific patient characteristic. Preventive strategies are early recognition by health workers, socialization to vulnerable groups and adequate acclimatization.

Keywords


Diagnosis; Management; Heatstroke

References


Burt A, English W. Diagnosis and management of heat stroke. WFSA Tutorial 341. 2016 Nov 15. Available from: https://anaesthesiology.gr/media/File/pdf/WFSA_tutorial_341.pdf.

Chan YK, Mamat M. Management of heat stroke. Trends Anaesthesia Crit Care. 2015;5:65-9.

Epstein Y, Roberts WO. The pathophysiology of heat stroke: an integrative view of the final common pathway. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21:742-8.

Morris A, Patel G. Heat stroke. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2019.

Al Mahri S, Bouchama A. Heatstroke. Thermoregulation: from basic neuroscience to clinical neurology, Part II. In: Romanovsky AA editor. Handbook of clinical neurology. New York: Elsevier. 2018. p. 531-45.

Horseman MA, Rather-Conally J, Saavedra C, et al. A case of severe heatstroke and review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment. J Intensive Care Med. 2013;28(6):334-40.

People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine. Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke. Mil Med Res. 2016;3:1-10.

Navarro CS, Casa DJ, Belvan LN, et al. Exertional heat stroke. Curr Sport Med Rep. 2017;16(5):304-5.

Hifumi T, Kondo Y, Shimizu K, et al. Heat stroke. J Intensive Care. 2018;6:30-7.

Becker JA, Stewart LK. Heat-related illness. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(11):1325-30.

Abdelmoety DA, El-Bakri NK, Almowalld WO, et al. Characteristics of heat illness during Hajj: a cross-sectional study. Biomed Res Int. 2018:5629474. doi:10.1155/2018/5629474. PubMed PMID:29662887.

Herikurniawan, Nasir AUZ. Karakteristik sengatan panas pada jemaah haji Indonesia tahun 2016. Ina J Chest Crit and Emerg Med. 2016:3(3):87-90.

Dutta TK, Sahoo R. Heat stroke [Internet]. In: Medicine Update [cited 2019 Jun 20]. 2008. Available from: http://www.apiindia.org/content_mu_2008.html.

Atha WF. Heat-related illness. Emerg Med Clin N Am. 2013;31:1097-108.

Mørch SS, Andersen JDH, Bestle MH. Heat stroke: a medical emergency appearing in new regions. Case Rep Crit Care. 2017:6219236. PubMed PMID:29057127.

Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia [Internet]. A pocket guide for clinicians during Hajj. 2016. [cited 2019 Jun 20] Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Hajj/WorkManual/Documents/A%20POCKET%20GUIDE%20FOR%20%20CLINICIANS%20%20DURING%20HAJJ%201437%20seventh%20edition%20(net).pdf.

Krau SD. Heat-related illness: a hot topic in critical care. Crit Care Nurs Clin N Am. 2013;25:251-62.

Mattis JG, Yates AM. Heat stroke: helping patients keep their cool. Nurse Pract. 2011;36(5):48-52.

Leon LR, Bouchama A. Heat stroke. Compr Physiol. 2015;5:611-647.

Lawton EM, Pearce H, Gabb GM. Review article: environmental heatstroke and long-term clinical neurological outcomes: A literature review of case reports and case series 2000-2016. Emerg Med Australas. 2019;31(2):163-73.

McDermott BP, Casa DJ, Ganio MS, et al. Acute whole-body cooling for exercise-induced hyperthermia: a systematic review. J Athl Train. 2009;44(1):84-93.

Gaudio FG, Grissom CK. Cooling methods in heat stroke. J Emerg Med. 2016;50(4):607-16.

Peiris AN. Heat stroke. JAMA. 2017;318(24):2503.

Pryor RR, Bennett BL, O’Connor FG, et al. Medical evaluation for exposure extremes: heat. Clin J Sport Med. 2015;25(5):437-42.


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.