Anticholinergic Burden, Falls, and the Concept of Appropriate Polypharmacy in Indonesian Geriatric Clinics: A Multicentre Observational Study
Keywords:
polypharmacy, Medical overuse, Anticholinergic syndrome, Geriatric, Accidental falls, AgedAbstract
Background: A high anticholinergic burden (ACB) scale score (≥3) and polypharmacy have been viewed negatively due to possible adverse events. As Indonesian multicentre data in this field are lacking, this study aimed to provide regional data related to ACB, polypharmacy, and falls, and to analyse factors potentially linked to falls. Methods: Data from community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years were collected in 12 geriatric care centres through history taking and medical records. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between covariates and falls. Results: Polypharmacy and high ACB (score ≥3) were observed in 43.9% and 1.8% of 626 older adults, respectively. The five most prescribed drug classes were calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, beta blockers, and proton pump inhibitors. The three most prescribed drugs with possible anticholinergic activity were furosemide, isosorbide dinitrate, and cetirizine. The prevalence of past-year falls was 16.8%. Falls were associated with age ≥80 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31-4.53), female sex (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.30-3.31), transient ischaemic attack and cerebrovascular accident (OR 1.97, 95% CI 0.94-4.10), multimorbidity (≥3 co-morbidities) (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.07-3.03), depression (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.00-3.23), and polypharmacy (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.40-1.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of a high ACB score and falls were 1.8% and 16.8%, respectively. Approximately one in two older adults had polypharmacy. We observed a non-significant inverse relationship between polypharmacy and falls. This may possibly suggest appropriate polypharmacy and closer monitoring applied in geriatric settings, which requires further investigation.References
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Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Setiati, Muhammad Khifzhon Azwar, Rensa Rensa, Nina Kemala Sari, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Ika Fitriana, Noto Dwimartutie, Rahmi Istanti, I Gusti Putu Suka Aryana, Sri Sunarti, Agus Sudarso, Dina Aprillia Ariestine, Lazuardhi Dwipa, Novira Widajanti, Nur Riviati, Roza Mulyana, Yudo Murti Mupangati, Fatichati Budiningsih
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