1. Home
  2. Vol 56, No 2 (2024)
  3. Kurniawan

Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C among Infected Patients in Indonesia and Their Knowledge and Attitude: A Multicenter Observational Study

Juferdy Kurniawan, Gita Aprilicia, Hery Djagat Purnomo, Cecilia O Permatawedi, Ulfa Kholili, Tehar Karo-Karo, Haris Widita, Aritantri Darmayani, Arif Nur Widodo, Nenny Agustanti, Saptino Miro, Suyata Suyata, Fauzi Yusuf, Catharina Triwikatmani, Syifa Mustika, Rini R Bachtiar, Fandy Gosal, I Ketut Mariadi, Irsan Hasan

Abstract


Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are global health problems, including in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes about HBV and HCV infection among infected patients in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was adapted and translated into Indonesian language, and trialed with 27 HBV and 27 HCV patients. The final validated questionnaire was later used in the target population. Patients diagnosed with Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C were included. The patients were enrolled from November 2019 until February 2020 in sixteen multicenter locations. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was conducted to determine the factors that are associated with the knowledge and attitude among HBV and HCV patients toward their illness. Results: A total of 931 HBV patients and 254 HCV patients were included in this survey. The proportion of infected patients with adequate knowledge of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C was 72.1% and 53.9%, respectively. Positive attitudes about Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C were 28.5% and 41.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher education level, higher income level, diagnosis duration of more than 5 years, and receiving of antiviral therapy were independent factors associated with adequate knowledge about Hepatitis B among HBV patients. Among HCV patients, independent factors associated with adequate knowledge about Hepatitis C were being married, higher education level, higher income level, and receiving antiviral therapy. Moreover, older age and receiving of antiviral therapy were independent factors associated with positive attitudes towards Hepatitis B among HBV patients. However, only higher education level was found to be an independent factor associated with positive attitudes towards Hepatitis C among HCV patients. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of patients regarding HBV and HCV were quite low among infected patients in Indonesia.


Keywords


Knowledge; Attitude; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C

References


Muljono DH. Epidemiology of Hepatitis B and C in the Republic of Indonesia. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2017;7(1):55–9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5663775/

Hasan I. Konsensus nasional penatalaksanaan Hepatitis B. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Peneliti Hati Indonesia; 2017.

Hasan I. Konsensus nasional penatalaksanaan Hepatitis C. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Peneliti Hati Indonesia; 2017.

Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, Bosch J. Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016. Hepatology. 2017;65(1):310–35.

Beltrami EM, Williams IT, Shapiro CN, Chamberland ME. Risk and management of blood-borne infections in health care workers. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13(3):385–407.

Colvin HM, Mitchell AE. A National Strategy for Prevention and. Prevention and Control. 2010.

Bitton Alaluf M, Shlomai A. New therapies for chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int. 2016;36(6):775–82.

Sonzogni A, Previtali G, Seghezzi M, et al. Liver histopathology in severe COVID-19 respiratory failure is suggestive of vascular alterations. Liver Int. 2020;40(9):2110–6.

Mukherjee PS, Dutta E, Das DK, Ghosh S, Neogi S, Sarkar A. Knowledge about hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection and consequences: a cross-sectional assessment of baseline knowledge among infected patients in West Bengal, India. Hepatol Med Policy [Internet]. 2017;2(1):1–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41124-016-0014-8

Shah HA, Abu-Amara M. Education provides significant benefits to patients with hepatitis b virus or hepatitis C virus infection: A systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol [Internet]. 2013;11(8):922–33. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.024

Mohamed R, Ng CJ, Tong WT, Abidin SZ, Wong LP, Low WY. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among people with chronic hepatitis B attending a hepatology clinic in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2012;12(1):1. Available from: BMC Public Health

Badan Pusat Statistik. Potret Sensus Penduduk 2020 Menuju Satu Data Kependudukan Indonesia. 2020.

Raghupathi V, Raghupathi W. The influence of education on health: An empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995-2015. Arch Public Heal. 2020;78(1):1–18.

Dwiartama A, Nirbayati WF, Giri-Rachman EA, Niloperbowo W, Tan MI, Anin A. Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Hepatitis B infection prevention and screening among Indonesians. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(8).

Jarju L, Bittaye SO, Keita A, Tamba S, Njie R. Knowledge and attitude of hepatitis B infection among patients with the infection in the main liver clinic in The Gambia. Pan Afr Med J. 2022;42.

Wai CT, Mak B, Chua W, et al. Misperceptions among patients with chronic Hepatitis B in Singapore. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(32):5002–5.

Wu H, Yim C, Chan A, Ho M, Heathcote J. Sociocultural factors that potentially affect the institution of prevention and treatment strategies for hepatitis B in Chinese Canadians. Can J Gastroenterol. 2009;23(1):31–6.

Ul Haq N, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Saleem F, Farooqui M, Aljadhey H. A cross-sectional assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Hepatitis B among the healthy population of Quetta, Pakistan. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2012;12(1):1. Available from: BMC Public Health

Pak A, Raza W, Tariq W, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of medical students towards Hepatitis B and C. Inst Med Sci. 2008;4(2):116–20.

Velvzhi G, Senthil K, Sucilathangam G, Revathy C. Knowledge and attitude of medical students towards Hepatitis B infection. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2016;5(6):570–6.

Gambhir R, Kapoor V, Jindal G, Garg S, Setia S, Setia S. Attitudes and awareness regarding Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C amongst healthcare workers of a tertiary Hospital in India. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2013;3(4):551.

Ganczak M, Dmytrzyk-Daniłów G, Korzeń M, Drozd-Dąbrowska M, Szych Z. Prevalence of HBV infection and knowledge of Hepatitis B among patients attending primary care clinics in Poland. J Community Health. 2016;41(3):635–44.

Enescu A, Mitrut P, Balasoiu M, Turculeanu A, Enescu AS. Psychosocial issues in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. Curr Health Sci J. 2014;40(2):93-6. doi: 10.12865/CHSJ.40.02.02. Epub 2014 Mar 29. PMID: 25729588; PMCID: PMC4340448.

Brzdęk M, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Invernizzi F, Cilla M, Dobrowolska K, Flisiak R. Decade of optimizing therapy with direct-acting antiviral drugs and the changing profile of patients with chronic hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol. 2023;29(6):949–66.

Smith-Palmer J, Cerri K, Sbarigia U, Chan EK, Pollock RF, Valentine W, et al. Impact of stigma on people living with chronic Hepatitis B. Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2020;11:95–107.

Sørensen K, Pelikan JM, Röthlin F, et al. Health literacy in Europe: Comparative results of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). Eur J Public Health. 2015;25(6):1053–8.

Cowan ML, Thomas HC, Foster GR. Therapy for chronic viral hepatitis: Current indications, optimal therapies and delivery of care. Clin Med J R Coll Physicians London. 2011;11(2):184–9.

RI KK. Rencana aksi nasional pengendalian Hepatitis 2020-2024. Jakarta; 2020.

Trickey A, Hiebert L, Perfect C, Thomas C, Luc El Kaim, Vickerman P, Schȕtte C, Hecht R. Hepatitis C virus elimination in Indonesia: Epidemiological, cost, and cost-effectiveness modeling to advance advocacy and strategic planning. Liver Int [Internet]. 2020;40(2):0–3. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31454466/

Alharbi IM, Aljarallah BM. Premarital hepatitis screening: Attitude towards screening and the risk factors for transmission. Saudi Med J. 2018;39(12):1179–85.

Hajarizadeh B, Richmond J, Ngo N, Lucke J, Wallace J. Hepatitis B-related concerns and anxieties among people with chronic hepatitis B in Australia. Hepat Mon. 2016;16(6).

Valizadeh L, Zamanzadeh V, Negarandeh R, Zamani F, Hamidia A, Zabihi A. Psychological reactions among patients with chronic Hepatitis B: a qualitative study. J Caring Sci [Internet]. 2016;5(1):57–66. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2016.006

Ng CJ, Low WY, Wong LP, Sudin MR, Mohamed R. Uncovering the experiences and needs of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection at diagnosis: A qualitative study. Asia-Pacific J Public Heal. 2013;25(1):32–40.


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.